![]() The predictive mode uses temperature changes versus time to predict an equilibration temperature. ![]() Used in a predictive mode, electronic digital thermometers generally require 30 seconds for oral or rectal temperature equilibration. Acceptable equilibration times for mercury-in-glass thermometers in oral, rectal, and axillary sites are 7, 3, and 10 minutes, respectively. ![]() Temperature probes that depend on transfer of heat energy from local tissues to the probe require a period of equilibration and reliable tissue contact at the intended body site. 256 A useful nomogram and formulas for conversion of centigrade to Fahrenheit are provided in Fig. 255 Hypothermia has been defined as a core body temperature lower than 35☌ (105.8☏) with accompanying symptoms and signs. 246 Based on measurement of temperatures in normal, healthy infants, it is recommended that fever be defined as a rectal temperature of 38☌ or higher in infants younger than 30 days, 38.1☌ or higher in infants 30 to 60 days (1 to 2 months), and 38.2☌ or higher in infants 60 to 90 days old (2 to 3 months). Fever has been defined as an oral temperature of 37.8☌ or higher (100.0☏), 246 a rectal temperature of 38.0☌ or higher (100.4☏), 254 or an IR ear temperature of 37.6☌ or higher (99.6☏). The definition of fever varies by the site of measurement and is defined by a temperature greater than 2 standard deviations above the mean. Although core body temperature remains nearly constant (37.0☌ ± 0.6☌ or 98.6☏ ± 0.18☏), surface temperature rises and falls with changes in ambient temperature, exercise, and time of day. Clinicians must interpret body temperature with knowledge of the range of normal values at the intended site of measurement. Normal values for body temperature are affected by the following variables: (1) site and methods used for measurement (2) perfusion (3) environmental exposure (4) pregnancy, (5) activity level and (6) time of day. ![]() Roberts MD, FACEP, FAAEM, FACMT, in Roberts and Hedges’ Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care, 2019 Interpretation ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |